彩88-助手

The function of wellhead equipment is to hang the oil pipe and seal the annular space of oil jacket. The basic parts of wellhead equipment are tubing head (casing tee or cross), tubing tee and sealing box. In addition, it is composed of production valve, back pressure valve, vent sampling valve, oil jacket connecting valve, etc., and is equipped with oil pipe and casing pressure gauge to observe the oil casing pressure.

1、 Function of Christmas tree

Wellhead equipment, commonly known as "Christmas tree", is an important and common equipment for oil, gas and water wells, and is the main equipment for controlling and regulating oil well production. Its main functions are:

(1) Hang the tubing and support the weight of all tubing strings in the well;

(2) Seal the annular space between oil and casing to control casing gas;

(3) Control and regulate the production of oil wells;

(4) Take oil, casing pressure data, test, wax removal and other daily management;

(5) Ensure the smooth progress of downhole operations such as well flushing, sand flushing, acidification and fracturing.

Figure 1-1 shows the composition of wellhead Christmas tree.

圖1-1 型采油樹組成示意圖

1-測試閥門；2-左右閥門；3-卡箍；4-油管四通；5-總閥門；6-上法蘭；7-套管四通；8-下法蘭；9-左右套管閥門；10-油管掛頂絲

二、采油樹的類型

采油樹分兩大類，即老式采油樹和采油樹。老式采油樹指20世紀60年代的大隆（仿大羅馬）、榮豐（仿小羅馬）、良工（仿蘇）等采油樹。采油樹指我國自己設計制造的大慶150、大慶160微型、勝251、勝II型等采油樹。

三、采油樹的結構

以國產采油樹為例，各零部件有采油樹套管四通、左右套管閥門、油管頭、油管四通、總閥門、左右閥門、測試閥門或清蠟閥門（封井器）、油管掛頂絲、卡箍、鋼圈及其他附件組成。

四、采油樹的連接方式

采油樹連接方式主要有以下五種：

（1）卡箍連接：采油樹各組成部件之間的連接均是以卡箍為主，如大慶150II、勝261微型、勝254等采油樹；

（2）螺紋連接：采油樹各組成部件之間的連接均是以螺紋為主，如大慶150、勝251等采油樹；

（3）鐵箍連接：采油樹各組成部件之間的連接均是以鐵箍為主，如勝I型、勝II型等采油樹；

（4）法蘭連接：采油樹各組成部件之間的連接均是以法蘭為主，如上海大隆、榮豐、良工等采油樹；

（5）卡箍法蘭連接：采油樹各組成部件之間的連接均是以卡箍與法蘭為主，如原CY250等采油樹。